Telescope mount having locator system and drive mechanism for locating objects and positioning telescope

ABSTRACT

A portable altitude/azimuth telescope mount having an integral locator system with a magnetic encoder mechanism for facilitating location of astronomical objects and telescope positioning for observation thereof. A microprocessor receives signals from the encoder mechanism and translates such into position data for display. The locator system also includes a database of astronomical objects, including their locations and other relevant information. The mount is preferably provided with a drive mechanism adapted to allow for automatically or manually positioning the telescope to view astronomical objects and for automatically repositioning or steering the telescope in order to track the astronomical objects during extended viewing. When moved manually, components of the drive act as a clutch mechanism that effectively disengages the drive motor to avoid damage. An instance of the drive may be provided for each axis of movement.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present patent application is a continuation-in-part and claims priority benefit with regard to all common subject matter of an earlier-filed patent application titled A PORTABLE TELESCOPE MOUNT WITH INTEGRAL LOCATOR USING MAGNETIC ENCODERS FOR FACILITATING LOCATION OF OBJECTS AND POSITIONING OF A TELESCOPE, Ser. No. 09/780,822, filed Feb. 9, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,603,602. The identified earlier-filed patent application is hereby incorporated by reference into the present patent application.

COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING APPENDIX

A computer program listing appendix containing the source code of a computer program that may be used with the present invention is incorporated herein by reference and appended hereto as one (1) original compact disk, and an identical copy thereof, containing a total of two (2) files as follows:

Filename: Date of Creation: Size: INTSF3.TXT Aug. 04, 2003 10:36 p.m. 106 KB SF3.TXT Aug. 04, 2003 10:36 p.m. 379 KB

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to telescopes, telescope mounts, astronomical object locators, and drive mechanisms. More particularly, the present invention relates to an altitude/azimuth telescope mount having an integral locator using magnetic encoders and a microprocessor for facilitating location of astronomical objects, and having a drive mechanism adapted to allow for automatically or manually positioning the telescope to view the astronomical objects and for automatically repositioning or steering the telescope in order to track the astronomical objects during extended viewing, wherein components of the drive act as a clutch mechanism that effectively disengages a drive motor to avoid damage during manual movement or when encountering obstructions.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Astronomers have long desired, and telescope manufacturers have long striven to develop, an effective but easy-to-use locator system for quickly and reliably locating astronomical objects and efficiently positioning a telescope for making observations thereof. The positions of astronomical objects are based upon a spherical coordinate system involving the perpendicular axes of right ascension and declination, determination of which requires a theodolite, a clock, and an accurate knowledge of the observer's latitude and longitude. The theodolite is used to measure the object's angle above the local horizon; the object's declination is then calculated to be the angle between the Celestial Equatorial Plane (CEP) and the North Celestial Pole (NCP). An arbitrary 0° longitudinal line has been defined as a line engraved on a brass plate set in the floor of the Old Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England.

The object's right ascension requires a knowledge of the Local Sidereal Time, being based upon the moment of Local Sidereal Time the object transits the observer's zenith, or local meridian. Because the Earth makes one full turn about its polar axis every twenty-four hours, right ascension is traditionally referred to in hours, from zero to twenty-four. Note, however, that right ascension is easily converted to degrees, with one hour of right ascension equaling 15°, or 1/24 of a 360° circle. Hours are further divided into finer units of 60 arcminutes, written 60′, or 3600 arcseconds, written 60″. A good telescope under good observing conditions can resolve details as fine as 1″ on the surface of the celestial sphere.

Having successfully mastered the complex spherical coordinate system, an astronomer is not yet ready to begin observation. Because the Earth's axis of rotation moves, causing the coordinate grid to shift, an object's right ascension and declination are continually changing. Thus, an object's precise position is date dependent, with the current standard being equinox 2000.0, which means the object's right ascension and declination at the moment the year 2000 began. For example, the star Vega (Alpha Lyra) currently may be found at approximately 18 h 37 m right ascension, and approximately +38 47′ declination.

As can be appreciated, locating astronomical objects and positioning a telescope for observation can be a difficult, frustrating, and time consuming process. Furthermore, once the telescope has been repositioned to observe a second object, a large part of the process must be inefficiently and inconveniently repeated to reacquire the first object.

Large institutional telescopes can be cost effectively equipped with computer-controlled automatic locator systems requiring only that the desired object's right ascension and declination or its name or designation be entered, from which the computer can retrieve positioning data from a comprehensive database. Along with the time, date, and a knowledge of the fixed latitude and longitude of the observatory, the controlling computer can use drive motors to automatically position the telescope with positive feedback data provided by mechanical encoders.

Unfortunately, such automated systems are too expensive and cumbersome for use on small, portable telescopes. For example, common optical encoders for position determination are too expensive or use impractically complex or heavy mechanical gears or similar mechanisms. Furthermore, results of attempts to create a practical and economically feasible portable automated locator system for small telescopes have typically been sorely lacking in accuracy. Adding to the difficulty is the need to reduce weight and power consumption in order to preserve the portable nature of the telescope.

It is also desirable to be able to automatically position the telescope tube for viewing the astronomical objects and to automatically reposition or steer the telescope tube to track the astronomical objects during extended viewing. It is known in the art to use stepper motors responding to signals provided by a microprocessor to accomplish this task. The known, incremental movement of the stepper motors allows the locator system to accurately control movement of the mount and always know the telescope tube's current orientation when moved from a known starting point. Thus the locator function and movement function are interdependent. Unfortunately, any movement of the mount or telescope tube (e.g., resulting from incidental contact) that is not initiated by the microprocessor and implemented by the stepper motors can adversely affect the accuracy of the locator system. Furthermore, because the stepper motor is always physically engaged with the mount, any manual movement of the mount or telescope tube is transferred to and may strain or otherwise damage the stepper motors.

It is also known to use optical encoders for the locator function, rather than rely on the known movements of stepper motors, and thereby separate the locator function from movement function. This means that the telescope tube can be moved independent of the drive motors without affecting the locator function. Unfortunately, the drive motors remain physically engaged with the mount such that any manual movement of the mount or telescope tube is transferred to and may strain or otherwise damage the drive motors.

Due to these and other problems in the art, a need exists for an improved locator system and drive mechanism.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The locator system of the present invention includes unique features that solve the above-identified and other problems by integrating the locator with the telescope mount in order to reduce weight and cost, and using magnetic encoders and a microprocessor to locate objects and provide position data with the degree of precision and accuracy necessary for many applications, including high magnification observation and astrophotography.

The mount is a portable azimuth-altitude mount providing two corresponding axes of rotation, with each axis having an associated encoder detecting and measuring movement of the telescope about the axis. Each encoder includes a ring of low cost ceramic permanently magnetic material suspended in a plastic matrix and presenting a plurality of poles, and a detector having a Hall-effect sensor operable to detect movement of the magnetic poles and to generate electrical data signals representative thereof. The microprocessor receives the data signals and translates them into position data for presentation via a display.

An advantage of the locator system is that no complex configuration process or calculations need be performed prior to or during use. Instead, the telescope need only be aligned with one or more reference objects whose positions are known to the microprocessor and based upon which the relative positions of other objects may be calculated. Another advantage of the system is that the microprocessor includes a catalog or database of objects and their positions, which can be recalled and displayed for the user. Yet another advantage of the locator system is that encoder data is translated into current position data which can be displayed, and which can be stored in the microprocessor's memory. Thus, a user desiring to observe an object need only move the telescope until the displayed current position data matches the desired position data, thereby eliminating the inefficiency and inconvenience of having to determine or re-determine the object's position based upon complex calculations.

The mount also preferably includes a drive mechanism having a clutch mechanism adapted to allow for automatically or manually positioning the mount to view astronomical objects and for automatically repositioning or steering the mount in order to track the astronomical objects during extended viewing. When a drive motor is active the clutch mechanism slips between a drive gear and three or more raised contact points of a first mount structure; when the telescope is moved manually the clutch mechanism slips between the drive gear and a second mount structure, thereby effectively disengaging the drive motor; and when an obstruction is encountered, the clutch mechanism slips at both of the aforementioned places. An instance of the drive may be provided for each axis of movement.

These and other advantages of the present invention are further described in the section entitled DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT, below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES

A preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a first isometric view of a mount constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, with the mount shown supporting a telescope;

FIG. 2 is a second isometric view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a representation of a component of a preferred embodiment of the magnetic encoder portion of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a representation of the structural and operational relationship between components of a preferred embodiment of the magnetic encoder portion of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary, vertical cross-sectional, elevation view through the line 6—6 of FIG. 1 and illustrating two substantially identical drive mechanisms as they might be positioned and oriented within the mount to define two different axes of movement and further illustrating the telescope of FIG. 1 in broken line; and

FIG. 7 is a fragmentary, sectional, elevation view of one of the drive mechanisms of FIG. 6.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a preferred altitude/azimuth telescope mount 10 is shown operable to portably support a telescope 12 and facilitate location of astronomical objects and telescope positioning for efficient and convenient observation of the objects. The mount 10 includes an integral locator system providing efficient microprocessor-assisted object location and telescope positioning with the necessary degree of precision and accuracy for most, if not all, observation purposes, including high magnification or deep sky/faint object observations and astrophotography.

The telescope 12 is a refractor-type telescope broadly comprising a tube 20 for housing optics; an eyepiece 22 coupled with the tube 20 and operable to facilitate observation of telescopically magnified images; and a sighting scope 24 coupled to the tube and having a wide field of view for facilitating rough positioning of the telescope for observation of an astronomical object. It should be noted that the mount 10 of the present invention is independent of any particular telescope or telescope type, including the telescope 12 shown for illustrative purposes only.

Referring also to FIG. 3, the mount 10 includes a base 30; a main housing 32; a support arm 34; a support structure 36; first and second axis shafts 38,40; first and second magnetic encoders 42,44; a microprocessor 46; a display 48; input buttons 50; and a power source 52.

The base 30 provides a support and primary mounting structure for the remaining components of the mount 10. The base 30 presents top and bottom portions 52,53, and is preferably made of a suitably strong and durable material such as wood, plastic, or lightweight metal. The top portion presents a flat surface for accommodating rotation of the main housing 32 and other components of the mount 10. The bottom portion 53 is adapted to receive and couple with three or more independently adjustable legs (not shown) to form a stable tripod (or other) arrangement.

The main housing 32 supports, encloses, and protects from the elements more sensitive components of the mount 10, including the microprocessor 46 and display 48. The housing 32 is preferably made of a strong, durable, and lightweight material such as plastic or fiberglass. The housing also securely couples with and provides a stable base for the support arm 34.

The support arm 34 projects upwardly from the housing 32 to couple with the support structure 36 which, in turn, securely couples with the telescope 12. The arm 34 is also made of a strong, durable, and lightweight material such as plastic or fiberglass able to safely support the weight of the telescope 12. The support structure 36 securely couples the mount 10 with the telescope tube 20. As will be appreciated by those with skill in the mechanical arts, and as is contemplated by the present invention, a variety of alternative coupling mechanisms and schemes may be satisfactorily employed for this purpose.

The first and second axis shafts 38,40 provide pivot points allowing the telescope 12 to be freely positioned for observation. The first axis shaft 38 corresponds to an azimuth axis which allows for rotation parallel with the ground. The first shaft 38 couples the base 30 with the housing 32 such that the housing 32 may rotate freely over the top portion 52 of the stationary base 30. The second axis shaft 40 corresponds to an altitude axis which allows for rotation perpendicular to the ground. The second shaft 40 couples the support arm 34 with the support structure 36.

The first and second magnetic encoders 42,44 are substantially identical and correspond, respectively, to the azimuth and altitude axes, and are operable to generate signals in response to and representing movement of the telescope tube 20 about these axes. The design of the encoders 42,44 is unique in that it allows for very high resolution and accurate position measurement using inexpensive parts and materials. Resolution of the preferred encoder 42,44 is 0.1° per step, or 3600 steps, slew rate is 100° per second, angle representation is 16 bits, and vector representation is 48 bits. Each encoder 42,44 broadly comprises one or more magnetic field generators 56,57 and one or more associated magnetic field detectors 58,59.

Referring also to FIGS. 4 and 5, each magnetic field generator 56,57 comprises a ring of low cost ceramic permanently magnetic material suspended in a plastic matrix and applied to a dimensionally stable backing. The backing material provides additional dimensional stability. The magnetic ring of high-strength magnetic material is magnetized to a high degree of concentricity with a radial pattern of relatively coarse poles to provide a strong magnetic field extending well beyond the magnetic material. The coarse pitch of the magnetic pattern allows the detector 58,59 to be positioned well above or below the magnetic material's surface. But note: This separation distance is not critical and only affects accuracy if it changes. Use of low cost ceramic magnetic materials in a plastic matrix are suitable because detector 58,59 resolution is not degraded by magnetic grain irregularities in the magnetic material because the irregularities are smoothed by the behavior of the magnetic field in the separation space between the magnetic field generating material 56,57 and the detector 58,59.

Each detector 58,59 preferably includes a conventional ratiometric, linear Hall-effect sensor providing a voltage output signal proportional to an applied magnetic field and having a quiescent (no applied magnetic field) output voltage that is approximately 50% of the supply voltage. Such a sensor is commonly used, for example, in linear and rotary position sensing systems of automobiles. The Hall-effect sensors may be one or two axis sensors, and may be laterally shifted to provide convenient sensing directions. Furthermore, two or more single axis sensors may be used to provide quadrature or three-phase angle information, in which case magnetic field position is determined as a function of the inverse tangent of the angle between sensors.

It is further preferred that each detector 58,59 be a BiCMOS monolithic circuit incorporating the described Hall-effect sensor, circuitry for temperature compensation to reduce the intrinsic sensitivity drift of the Hall-effect sensor, a small signal high-gain amplifier to amplify the generated output signal, and a rail-to-rail low-impedance output stage. Such detector circuits are available, for example, from Allegro Microsystems, Inc., as part numbers A3517SUA and A3518SUA.

Application of a magnetic field perpendicular to the detector 58,59, whether north or south pole, will increase or decrease the output voltage from its quiescent value toward the supply voltage rail by an amount proportional to the applied magnetic field. As will be appreciated by one with skill in the electrical arts, the stability of Hall-effect sensor sensitivity is a function of temperature, ergo the temperature compensating circuitry of the preferred detector. As the magnetic material is moved relative to the sensor, the magnetic field is perceived to rotate a full circle for each North-South pole pair. The angle of this field provides a finely resolved absolute position within the polar pair. Large angle measurements count pole pairs and then add any fractional part. Also, because position within a pole pair is absolute, small errors due to sensor location, angle, or sensitivity are periodic and can be corrected electronically.

A high permeability material 60, such as a steel baking sheet, can be included to provide shielding from the influences and effects of external magnetic fields. Also, because detector output signals may be analog in nature, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter (not shown) may be interposed as necessary in order to digitize the output signals for use by the microprocessor 46.

The microprocessor 46 is operable to translate data signals generated by the encoders 42,44 into position data that can be used to aim or steer the telescope and facilitate location and observation of astronomical objects. In order to perform this function, the microprocessor 46 must have access to various variables, including geographical location (latitude and longitude), time, and date. The present invention is able to determine these values automatically and does not require the user to know or input such. Rather, the mount is initially configured by aligning the telescope with one or more reference objects from which the relative locations of other objects may be calculated. The microprocessor 46 preferably includes an internal sidereal clock having an accuracy of 0.01%.

A computer program listing appendix is appended hereto setting forth a preferred embodiment of computer code that may be stored within the microprocessor 46, or a memory (not shown) associated therewith, and executed by the microprocessor 46 to accomplish translation of the encoder signals as well as the features and functions described below.

The microprocessor 46 includes a number of features and functions, including CATALOG; STAR FIX; ALIGN; RADEC; GUIDE; SETUP; and ENCODER. CATALOG provides a complete database of 110 Messier objects, an abbreviated list of 30 alignment stars, a catalog of 60 interesting stars and double stars, and a list of all 9 solar planets. For all databased objects, the catalog includes position data and descriptions, including magnitude, constellation, size, separation, and type, as may be applicable. Initial configuration of the mount requires two star alignment and orthogonal positioning of the encoder axes. No latitude, longitude, date, or time inputs are required. STAR FIX is an alignment mode using the databased list of thirty conveniently spotted stars. ALIGN is an alignment mode that uses the complete database of objects.

RADEC provides right ascension and declination from position data. GUIDE displays aiming or steering coordinates to a selected or indicated next object. SETUP is a telescope installation and setup guide. ENCODER displays encoder angles.

The display 48 provides a visual interface between user and microprocessor 46 and facilitates communication therebetween. The display 48 is preferably a light emitting diode (LED) display or liquid crystal display (LCD) or other similarly suitable device. Furthermore, display brightness is preferably variable, from dim to full, which allows for both reduced power consumption and reduced interfering light pollution, as desired. The input buttons 50 provide an interface between user and microprocessor 46 whereby user input may be provided to the microprocessor 46, possibly in response to a prompt communicated via the display 48.

The power supply 52 provides power to the microprocessor 46, display 48, and other powered components of the system 10. The supply 52 is preferably one or more batteries so as to be portable and suited to field work, though an optional power connection point and adaptor (not shown) may be included for use where an AC outlet is available. Power requirements of the herein described embodiment are 5.1 to 14 volts DC, drawing 14 to 50 mA depending upon configuration and display brightness. A preferred power source is a single nine volt alkaline battery, which should provide approximately thirty hours of battery life with the display 48 fully dimmed.

Though not shown, a network connection point may be provided to allow the microprocessor to access a network, such as the Internet. This ability allows for such functions as updating the microprocessor's database; re-calibrating the microprocessor, possibly including the internal sidereal clock; and remote diagnosis and troubleshooting.

In operation, the SETUP function of the microprocessor 46 can be used to ensure complete and proper hardware assembly, including coupling the telescope 12 with the structural support component 36 of the mount 10. Assuming such assembly, a user must next configure the mount using either the STAR FIX or ALIGN functions to identify one or more reference objects upon whose location subsequent position data will be based.

The user may then select the GUIDE function to cause position data to be displayed of a selected or indicated object. Objects may be selected from the CATALOG feature, or user-stored position data may be recalled from the microprocessor's memory. Using the ENCODER function to display current position data, with such displayed data changing as the telescope tube 20 moves about the axes, the user can easily and conveniently re-position or steer the telescope until the desired position and the displayed current position match. Furthermore, if an object is located that does not appear in the CATALOG database, the user may save the position coordinates in the microprocessor's memory for subsequent recall and display.

Referring also to FIGS. 6 and 7, a drive mechanism 100 for use in the telescope mount 10 is shown and disclosed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The drive 100 is adapted to allow for automatically or manually positioning the mount 10 to view astronomical objects and for automatically repositioning or steering the mount 10 in order to track the astronomical objects during extended viewing. When moved manually, components of the drive 100 act as a clutch mechanism that effectively disengages the drive 100 to avoid damage, as discussed in greater detail below. Though described below as being integrated into the above-described mount 10 and making use of certain of the above-described components, the drive 100 may be integrated into substantially any suitable telescope mount and make use of any similar, substantially equivalent, or otherwise suitable components. It will be appreciated that there will be one instance of the drive 100 for each axis of movement; thus, in the above-described telescope mount 10 there are two instances of the drive 100, a first instance 100 a for the azimuth axis and a second instance 100 b for the altitude axis, as shown in FIG. 6.

As shown in FIG. 7, each instance of the drive 100 broadly comprises or makes use of one of the axis shafts 38 or 40; one of the magnetic field detectors or sensors 58 or 59; one of the magnetic field generators 56 or 57; a drive gear 102; a bushing 104; first and second rings of low friction material 106,107; three or more raised contact points 108; a locking nut 110; and one or more spring elements 112. It should be noted that, generally, clearances between the various components can be an important factor in achieving and maintaining proper operation of the locator system and the drive mechanism 100, particularly the clutch mechanism.

The axis shaft 38 or 40, which may be either the first axis shaft 38 or the second axis shaft 40 described above, is aligned and otherwise coincides with the axis of movement and provides structural support and alignment for other components of the drive 100. The axis shaft 38 or 40 passes through, couples, and is itself supported by either the stationary base 30 and housing 32, support arm 34 and support structure 36, or other mount structure.

The detector 58 or 59 is adapted to sense changes in the strength of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generator 56 or 57. Though not limited thereto, the magnetic field generator 56 or 57 is preferably a ring of Plastalloy™ or Reance™ material. The detector 58 or 59 is preferably fixed and does not move, while the magnetic field generator 56 or 57 is preferably centered about the axis shaft 38 or 40 and moves about the axis in direct correspondence with the mount 10 or telescope tube 20. As discussed above, changes in magnetic field strength at the detector 58 or 59 caused by movement of the magnetic field generator 56 or 57 relative thereto is processed by the microprocessor 46 to determine movement and positioning of the mount 10, as discussed and described in detail above.

The drive gear 102 engages and cooperates with a drive motor 103 to drive the mount 10 about the axis of movement. The drive gear 102 is preferably thin and sufficiently flexible that the load path carries through the drive gear 102 to the underlying mount structure. The drive gear 102 is centered about the axis shaft 38 or 40.

In one contemplated implementation, the drive motor 103 a driving movement about the azimuth axis moves around the drive gear 102, and the drive gear 102 is stationary when driven by the drive motor 103 a; while the drive motor 103 b driving movement about the altitude axis is fixed, and the drive gear 102 moves when driven by the drive motor 103 b. This is a matter of design choice, however, and the present invention is not limited in this manner.

The bushing 104 operates to center the drive gear 102 about the axis shaft 38 or 40, and determines the distance between the magnetic field generator 56 or 57 and the detector 58 or 59.

The first and second rings of low friction material 106,107 provide a particular degree of friction between the drive gear 102 and the adjacent mount structures that is important to operation of the clutch mechanism. The first ring 106 is affixed (e.g., by adhesive) to the drive gear 102 so as to be interposed between the drive gear 102 and the raised contact points 108. The second ring 107 is affixed to the support structure 30 or 34 so as to be interposed between the support structure 30 or 34 and the drive gear 102. The low friction material is preferably ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, but may be substantially any suitable material.

The raised contact points 108 function to raise and support the drive gear 102 in its proper operating position, and are presented by the stationary base 30 or housing 32 or by the support arm 34 or support structure 36 upon or against which the drive gear 102 rests. It will be appreciated that because at least three points are needed to define the plane in which the drive gear 102 operates, there are preferably at least three or more such raised contact points 108 presented.

The locking nut 110 engages the axis shaft 38 or 40 and retains and maintains the axis shaft 38 or 40 in proper operating association with the stationary base 30 and housing 32 or support arm 34 and support structure 36.

The one or more spring elements 112 are preferably spring washers interposed between the locking nut 110 and the stationary base 30 or housing 32 or the support arm 34 or support structure 36 so as to achieve and maintain a desired degree of compression on the drive components that is desirable for proper operation of the drive 100. More specifically, the locking nut 110 and spring washers 112 cooperate to achieve and maintain a desired degree of friction within the clutch mechanism, and to ensure that the drive gear 102 maintains continued contact with the raised contact points 108 even under eccentric loads.

Thus, it will be appreciated that when the drive motor 103 is active the clutch mechanism slips between the first ring of low friction material 106 and the raised contact points 108; when the mount 10 is moved manually the clutch mechanism slips between the drive gear 102 and the second ring of low friction material 107 affixed to the the support structure 30 or 34; and when an obstruction is encountered, the clutch mechanism slips at both of the aforementioned places.

In use and exemplary operation, the drive 100 functions substantially as follows. The microprocessor 46, knowing the orientation of the mount 10 and telescope tube 20, controls the drive motors 103 a, 103 b to reposition the mount 10 and telescope tube 20 for viewing a particular astronomical object. As the drive motors 103 a or 103 b move the mount 10, signals are substantially continuously provided by the detectors 58 or 59 and processed by the microprocessor 46 to determine the mount's current orientation. When powered by the drive motors 103 a, 103 b, the design of the drive 100, including the compression provided by the spring washers 112, the support provided by the contact points 108, and the degree of friction provided by the first and second rings of low friction material 106,107, result in the drive gear 102 and drive motors 103 a or 103 b being engaged.

At any point, regardless of whether the drive motors 103 a or 103 b are driving or not, a user may grasp the mount 10 or telescope tube 20 and manually reposition it. Such manual movement will not affect the accuracy of the locator system because the locator system does not rely on the drive motors 103 a or 103 b for determining position, but instead relies on the magnetic encoders 42 or 44. The magnetic field generators 56 or 57 and the magnetic field detectors 58 or 59 are not physically connected, and the magnetic field generators 56 or 57 are fixed relative to and move directly with their respective azimuth or altitude axes regardless of the cause of movement. Thus, the magnetic field generators 56 or 57 will move with the mount 10 or telescope tube 20, the detectors 58 or 59 will provide signals indicative thereof, and the microprocessor 46 will process those signals and determine the mount's position independent of the cause (i.e., drive motors 103 a or 103 b or manually) or characteristics (e.g., rate) of the movement. Furthermore, manual movement of the mount 10 will not damage the drive motors 103 a or 103 b or other components because the first and second rings of low friction material 106,107 allows the clutch mechanism to slip and thereby effectively disengage the drive motors 103 a or 103 b when the telescope tube 20 is moved manually or an obstruction is encountered.

From the preceding description, it will be appreciated that the portable telescope mount 10 of the present invention is able, using the magnetic encoders 42,44, microprocessor 46, and drive 100 to efficiently and conveniently facilitate location of astronomical objects and positioning of the telescope 12 for observation. Although the invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiment illustrated in the attached drawings, it is noted that equivalents may be employed and substitutions made herein without departing from the scope of the invention as recited in the claims. Those skilled in the relevant arts will appreciate, for example, that the telescope mount 10 is independent of any particular telescope or telescope type, whether refractor, reflector, Cassegrain, or other. 

1. A drive mechanism for positioning a telescope coupled with a mount movable about at least one axis, the drive mechanism comprising: an axial shaft defining the axis; a drive gear centered about the axial shaft; a drive motor for driving the drive gear; at least three raised contact points supporting the drive gear; and a clutch mechanism for engaging the drive motor when moving the mount using the drive motor and for disengaging the drive motor when moving the mount manually, thereby avoiding damage to the drive motor, the clutch mechanism including a low friction material interposed between the drive gear and the raised contact points, wherein the low friction material provides sufficient friction to engage the drive gear with the mount when moving the mount using the drive motor but slips to disengage the drive gear from the mount when moving the mount manually.
 2. The drive mechanism as set forth in claim 1, further including one or more spring elements associated with the axial shaft and providing compression on the drive gear to assist in proper operation of the clutch mechanism.
 3. A mount for supporting a telescope, wherein the mount is movable about an axis, the mount comprising: a drive mechanism for moving the mount about the axis, the drive mechanism including an axial shaft defining the axis; a drive gear centered about the axial shaft; a drive motor for driving the drive gear; at least three raised contact points supporting the drive gear; and a clutch mechanism for engaging the drive motor when moving the mount using the drive motor and for disengaging the drive motor when moving the mount manually, thereby avoiding damage to the drive motor, the clutch mechanism including a low friction material interposed between the drive gear and the raised contact points, wherein the low friction material provides sufficient friction to engage the drive gear with the mount when moving the mount using the drive motor but slips to disengage the drive gear from the mount when moving the mount manually.
 4. The mount as set forth in claim 3, further including one or more spring elements associated with the axial shaft and providing comprehension on the drive gear to assist in proper operation of the clutch mechanism.
 5. A telescope system comprising: a telescope; a mount adapted to support the telescope, wherein the mount is movable about at least an azimuth axis and an altitude axis; a first drive mechanism for moving the mount about the azimuth axis, the first drive mechanism including a first axial shaft defining the azimuth axis, a first drive gear centered about the first axial shaft, a first drive motor for driving the first drive gear, and a first clutch mechanism for engaging the first drive motor when moving the mount using the first drive motor and for disengaging the first drive motor when moving the mount manually, thereby avoiding damage to the first drive motor; and a second drive mechanism for moving the mount about the altitude axis, the second drive mechanism including a second axial shaft defining the azimuth axis, a second drive gear centered about the second axial shaft, a second drive motor for driving the second drive gear, and a second clutch mechanism for engaging the second drive motor when moving the mount using the second drive motor and for disengaging the second drive motor when moving the mount manually, thereby avoiding damage to the second drive motor.
 6. The telescope system as set forth in claim 5, wherein the first and second clutch mechanisms each include a low friction material interposed between their respective first or second drive gear and the mount, wherein the low friction material provides sufficient friction to engage the respective first or second drive gear with the mount when moving the mount using the respective first or second drive motor but slips to disengage the respective first or second drive gear from the mount when moving the mount manually.
 7. A drive mechanism for positioning a telescope coupled with a mount movable about at least one axis, the drive mechanism comprising: an axial shaft defining the axis; a drive gear centered about the axial shaft; a drive motor for driving the drive gear; at least three raised contact points supporting the drive gear; and a low friction material interposed between the drive gear and the raised contact points, thereby providing sufficient friction to engage the drive gear with the mount when moving the mount using the drive motor but otherwise slipping to disengage the drive gear from the mount when moving the mount manually.
 8. The drive mechanism as set forth in claim 7, further including one or more spring elements associated with the axial shaft and providing compression on the drive gear to assist in proper operation of the clutch mechanism. 